Cellular Technology, between CDMA and GSM

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Cellular Technology, between CDMA and GSM

January 25th, 2010 | 1 Comment

cdma vs gsm
IT developments in the field of Telecommunications

With the convergence of IT with telecommunications technology, making technology has become everything for humans, especially mobile communication technology has grown rapidly in Indonesia, it is possible with a large market penetration of telecommunications needs, especially the mobile nature, the current mobile users according to statistics in Indonesia already risen by around 8 million.

Indonesian society has indirectly using information technology in the field of communication khussunya. Mobility and the trend may be the main factor of the success of this technology, mobility is a major advantage compared to cellular technology phones remain. Each customer can access anywhere., Whenever it exists, voice communication, today, no longer rely solely on cable networks that besifat fixed (fixed line), while also not only voice communication but also data and images resulting in multimedia.

Currently we are familiar with various types of communication devices, such as fixed communications devices (fixed phone), mobile communication is limited (fixed mobile phone) and mobile communications provider (cellular mobile phone).

History of mobile technology

In Indonesia, the liberalization of mobile business started in 1995, when the government began to open opportunities to the private sector to do business by cell phone full competition. Can be noted, how the technology GSM (global system for mobile) to come and replace first-generation cellular technology that has previously entered into Indonesia as NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone) and AMPS (advanced mobile phone system).

As in the 1980s, technology Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) came to Indonesia, then the operator of technology users AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) disappeared. Then, came Satelindo as a winner, which was followed by Telkomsel. And ultimately superior GSM technology and development like mushrooms in the rainy season, is due to higher network capacity, because the efficiency of frequency spectrum of the NMT and AMPS technologies.

Now, within a period of nearly a decade, GSM technology has been dominated market with the number of subscribers more than the number of fixed telephone subscribers.

And ultimately superior GSM technology and the development musin like mushrooms in the rain, is due to higher network capacity, because the efficiency of frequency spectrum of the NMT and AMPS technologies.

Now, within a period of nearly a decade, GSM technology has been dominated market with the number of subscribers more than the number of fixed telephone subscribers. Amun, until now cell phones are still a luxury, not all levels of society can enjoy. The price is still very high compared to fixed line PSTN (public switched telephone network), both for local and long distance communications (long distance connections), there is reached USD 4500 per minute flat rate for long distance communications. While the introduction of CDMA technology, CDMA has started since three years ago when Komselindo introducing CDMA-One. It’s just a variety of reasons development
less successful. Currently, PT Telkom re-introduce the CDMA, but not via the “mobile business” directly, but uses a CDMA phone to fix the commercial product called TelkomFlexi.

Today, with TelkomFlexi, PT. Telkom offers a better technology than previous GSM technology and cheaper prices. Actually why tariffs offered by this technology is cheaper because TelkomFlexi Wirelless technology based on Local-Code Division Multiple Access (WLL-CDMA) not only because of the flexibility of a fixed phone, but the main thing is that he said the tariff structure is much cheaper because they do not accrue airtimenya costs.

Application technology

There are several wireless technologies for mobile technology is, among the
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), uses spread-spectrum technology to distribute information signals through a wide bandwidth (1.25 MHz). This technology originally created for military purposes, using a unique digital code, better than RF channels or frequency

AMPS (Advanced Mobil Phone Service) is an analog technology that uses FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) to divide the available radio bandwidth into a number of discrete channels that remain. With AMPS, 1.25 MHz bandwidth given to the use of wireless channel is divided into 30 KHz wide, each can serve only one subscriber at a time. One subscriber to access a channel is none other subscriber can access the channel until the first call
stopped or handed-off to another base station.

TDMA (Time Division Multiple Data), is a digital technology, as that is, by dividing the available spectrum to the number of discrete channels that remain, although each channel represents a fixed time slot rather than a fixed band frekunesi. As an example which implements TDMA technology is GSM, which divides berlebar 2300 KHz carriers into eight time-division channel. GSM (global system for mobile) is a TDMA-based technology

UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications Access) is a third generation system developed in Europe. designed so that it can provide a bandwidth of 2 Mbits / s. Services that can be pursued to meet the UMTS user requests wherever located, which means that UMTS is expected to serve the widest possible area, if there is no UMTS cell in an area can be a route via satellite.

Frekeunsi radio is allocated for UMTS 1885-2025 MHz and 2110-2200 MHz. Ribbon will be used by a small cell (pico cell) that can provide large capacity in the UMTS.

Technology Flexy?

Current CDMA technology was warmly discussed, particularly with the entry of PT. TELKOM with his TelkomFlexi product, then the fundamental question why this technology is cheaper than GSM teknoogi before.

From the technological aspect of both GSM and CDMA is a digital cellular technology standard, only the difference between GSM developed by European countries and be ‘open source’, while the CDMA from American and Japanese sides. What should be noted that the GSM and CDMA technology comes from a different point, so the development of generation 2.5 G and 3G will be different next time. CDMA technology is designed not sensitive to interference, and the number of subscribers in a single cell can access the frequency spectrum bands together
for a particular coding technique.

CDMA phone there are two types of cards so that no numbers called must deprogram by operatoryang officer concerned, and one CDMA phone is equipped with RUIM (Removal User Identification Module) or in terms known as GSM SIM Card. There are a number of advantages offered by CDMA. for example, mobile communications is no longer vulnerable to radiation, no longer like a robot, not to falter.

CDMA system considered more advanced than the digital cellular system existing FSN can provide a more natural sound than perfect digital cellular system that already exists. and the power output of a very low 0.2 watts (compared with the GSM system) which uses 1.5 to 3 watts, making batteries CDMA system is more durable. The bottom line on the cost burden can be much cheaper TelkomFlexi because customers are not charged for airtime that had ensnared GSM users.

Relative cost-efficient because the computation done in real time the pulse count per second, without rounding as well as GSM pulse counting for this effect. But there is also a calculation of CDMA technology, the same rate even more than GSM but also a good ability in terms of content and multimedia data transfer is superior (fren from Mobile8).

CDMA technology feature

CDMA technology is designed not sensitive to interference. In addition, a number of subscribers in a single cell can access the tape at the same frequency spectrum as the coding technique that can not be done on GSM technology.

A higher capacity to handle more simultaneous calls per channel compared to existing systems. CDMA systems offer increased capacity exceeds the analog AMPS system as well as other digital cellular technologies. CDMA spreadspectrum produce a scheme which provides a random 1250 KHz bandwidth available for each caller 9600 bps bit rate.

Improving call security.

Security became the nature of CDMA spread spectrum approach, and this technology kenytaannya first built to provide secure communications for the military. Reduce noise and other interference.

CDMA signals raise the ratio-to-noise, because the wide bandwidth available for the message. By Efisinsi power extends battery life phone
One of the characteristics of power control CDMAadalah an effort to increase capacity to maintain the constancy call power levels received from the caller to move at the base station.

Facilities at coordination of all frequencies through the base-station base station. CDMA systems provide a soft hand-off from one base station to another as a roaming phone bergrak from cell to cell, to recall all soft handoff system
using the same frequency.

Spread-spectrum function and power-control that increase the capacity of CDMA call resulted in a sufficient bandwidth for various multimedia data services, and the scheme of soft hand-off to ensure no data loss.
· Improving the quality of sound
· Improve coverage characteristics that can reduce the number of cells.
· Improve privacy and security.
· Simplify the planning system
· Requires transmit power is lower, so the time to talk ponseldapat longer.
· Reduce interference on other systems
· More resistant to multipath.
· Can be operated in conjunction with other technologies (eg AMPS).

The future of CDMA technology

Broadband CDMA and Wideband CDMA as WLL (Wireless Local Loap) sengai flagship technology is the future of CDMA, is designed to provide fixed services and is connected to mobiile PSTN POTS service (Plain Old Telephone Service) to further features-features like ISDN and bandwidth on demand. The services will include voice, high speed fax, data and multimedia, including videos. This technology allows applications to desktop ISDN wiireless fixed and mobile wireless. The main advantages of CDMA Broadband solution is flexibility. CDMA system provides for communications applications in
large and small scale with the calculated cost effective. To further the business can provide voice services and ISDN data, such as fax, email and high speed internet access. When Broadband CDMA system can be added easily and quickly into existing networks without delay and disruption than the installation of telephone cables. Connection to the LAN network for email and printer sharing resources sperti and fax machines can be configured easily.

The fundamental difference GSM and CDMA technology

The fundamental difference from the CDMA technology is system modulation. CDMA modulation is a combination of FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) and TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access). In FDMA technology, 1 channel 1 frequency circuit serving at one time, whereas in TDMA, the frequency 1 channel shared by several users in a way different time slots.

In the CDMA multiple users can be served at the same time and same frequency, where the distinction from one another is on its coding system, so the use of frequency spectrum CDMA technology is very efficient.
The advantages offered by CDMA include voice and data quality, price or cheaper tariffs, a smaller investment, and security in communication (not easily intercepted).

GSM to GPRS technology would be content to terlibas with CDMA because of limited data and will be wide multimedia applications on GSM technology.
Excess diIndonesia GSM-based technology is widely yanga coverage and roaming the vast roaming both within the country and even around the world, while CDMA with TelkomFlexi still very limited.

GSM CDMA replace domination?

In the attack ads and the promise made by TelkomFlexi make the service provider concerned parties ketar ketir, and make people curious about the campaign that technology-based TelkomFlexi Loap Wireless Local-Code Division Multiple Access (WLL-CDMA) not only because of the flexibility of a fixed phone, but the main thing is that he said the tariff structure is much cheaper.

If during the GSM mobile phone users usually have to pay the cost of local conversations with the basic tariff plus airtime credit of Rp. 425/menit for post-paid cards and approximately Rp. 1000 / min for pre-paid card, so if you use the phone with CDMA base rates being charged only a home phone locally.

Only, in this tariff issue many people trapped by the notion that “because of its CDMA technology” could be a phone rates and cheap local rates. In fact, whether CDMA or GSM technology, tariffs do not have a direct relationship because the tariff issue is a product of a regulation, the government made good or service.

The service provider (GSM) should be worried and suspicious of the presence of TelkomFlexi as a serious threat. But if we review the tariff structure of the service provider’s acquisition cost of incoming roaming, flate-rate, large and extra zone single fare has actually undermined the POC portion of PT Telkom.

The structure is the ultimate weapon for mobile operators to keep themselves from the threat of TelkomFlexi presence.
After all the holders of fixed wireless CDMA license as PT Telkom and PT Indosat is the majority shareholder in the GSM operator, so apparently they do not want to turn off the engine of his own money as a service provider.

(Original written by: Deris Stiawan, S. Kom., M.T.)

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